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The "Double Pass" System
Most modern universities follow a Distributed Grading System. Your final grade depends on two components: Internals (Assignments/Tests) and Externals (End Semester Exam). The catch? Only scoring high in one isn't enough. You typically need to clear distinct passing hurdles for both.
Why Simple Addition Fails
Trap 1: The External Cutoff
You might have 50/50 in internals. You only need 1 mark to reach 51% total. But if the university requires 40% minimum in Externals, passing total score doesn't matter. You still fail.
Trap 2: The Total Aggregate
You might clear the external cutoff easily. But if your internals were too low, your Total Sum might not cross 50%. You fail again.
Common University Patterns
| University | Split (Int/Ext) | External Min % | Total Pass % |
|---|---|---|---|
| KTU (Kerala) | 50 / 100 | 40% or 45% | 50% |
| Anna Univ (TN) | 20 / 80 | 45% | 50% |
| VTU (Karnataka) | 40 / 60 | 35% | 40% |
| JNTU | 25 / 75 | 35% | 40% |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the "External Minimum" rule?
Many universities (like KTU, VTU, Anna University) require students to score a minimum percentage (e.g., 40% or 45%) in the final semester exam alone, regardless of how high their internal marks are. Even with 100% internals, specific external failure means course failure.
How is the total calculated?
Total = Internal Marks Obtained + External Marks Obtained. Total % = (Total Obtained / Total Max) × 100. This must usually cross 50% for a pass.
Can I change the split ratio?
Yes! You can manually set the "Max Marks" for both internal and external sections to match your universitys pattern (e.g., 20/80, 40/60, or 50/100).
What are the KTU Passing Criteria?
For KTU (Kerala Technological University), pass criteria typically require 45% minimum in the End Semester Exam (External) and 50% overall in the course (Internal + External).
What if I fail internals but ace externals?
Usually, there is no separate minimum for internals, but low internals make it harder to reach the 50% total. However, some universities do mandate internal minimums.
Does this work for Labs/Practicals?
Yes, just change the Max Marks. Labs often have different splits (e.g., 60/40 or 75/75). The calculator logic remains the same.
Why is my Total Pass but Result Fail?
This happens if you cleared the Total (e.g., got 52%) but failed the "External Minimum" (e.g., scored only 30% in the exam where 40% was needed). You must clear BOTH conditions.
How do I calculate for Anna University?
Use the "Anna" preset or set Internal Max to 20 and External Max to 80. The external minimum is usually 45% (36/80 marks).
What is VTU rule?
VTU (Visvesvaraya Technological University) typically uses a 40/60 or 50/50 split depending on the scheme (2018/2021). The external minimum is usually 35%.
Can I use this for school exams?
Absolutely. CBSE and other boards often split marks between Theory (External) and Practical/Project (Internal). Just enter your specific max marks.